When talking about autism, it’s important to look beyond the diagnosis itself. Many autistic people experience other medical, emotional, or learning issues alongside it. These are known as co-existing conditions and challenges with autism, and they can vary widely from person to person. Understanding them helps us offer better, more targeted support.
Common co-existing conditions and challenges with autism
1. ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder)
Some children and adults with autism also have ADHD. This means they may struggle to focus, sit still, or control impulses. While autism and ADHD are different, they often overlap.
2. Anxiety
Anxiety is very common in people with autism. They may worry a lot, fear change, or feel overwhelmed by social situations. Routine and structure can help reduce anxiety.
3. Sensory processing challenges
Many autistic individuals are very sensitive to light, sound, texture, taste, or smell. Others might seek sensory input, like spinning or touching things. This is called Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).
4. Learning differences
Autistic people may have learning difficulties like dyslexia, or find it harder to process information in certain ways. Others may have average or above-average intelligence, but still need support with how they learn best.
5. Sleep difficulties
Many children and adults with autism have trouble falling or staying asleep. Poor sleep can affect mood, learning, and behaviour.
6. Mental health conditions
Depression, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), and mood disorders can also co-occur with autism, especially during teenage years or adulthood.
7. Epilepsy
Some people with autism also experience seizures. This may happen more often in those with higher support needs.
This is important
Recognising co-existing conditions and challenges with autism allows for early intervention and personalised support. Instead of focusing on autism alone, support teams can build a better, more complete plan to help individuals thrive.
Support should be based on the whole person, not just their autism diagnosis.
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
Autism: The Early Signs to Look Out For
10 Things Everyone Should Know About Autism
The Autism Service Psychologist- Birmingham
