Complications of Dyslexia
The complications of dyslexia are not just academic—they can affect every aspect of a person’s emotional, social, and professional life. When the condition is undiagnosed or unsupported, it often leads to long-term difficulties that extend beyond reading and writing. With early recognition and intervention, however, many of these challenges can be reduced or even prevented.
One of the most common complications of dyslexia is low self-esteem. Learners who struggle to keep up with their peers may feel embarrassed, ashamed, or labelled as “lazy” or “stupid”, especially if their difficulties are misunderstood. These negative experiences can build up over time, leading to withdrawal from learning and social activities.
Anxiety is also common. The constant pressure to read aloud, complete timed exams, or understand complex written instructions can be overwhelming. Some learners begin to fear school altogether, and this emotional distress can result in avoidance behaviours, absenteeism, or acting out in frustration.
In older students and adults, dyslexia can impact career choices and job performance. Without support, they may avoid occupations that involve reading-heavy tasks, even if they have the skills and passion for the field. Difficulties in written communication may also hinder promotion, performance evaluations, or access to further education.
Academic Complications
Academic complications include poor performance in literacy-based subjects, slower progress through the curriculum, and lower exam scores. If learners are not given the right accommodations, they may fall behind despite having strong reasoning or creative abilities.
Socially, the effects of dyslexia can lead to isolation. Children who struggle with reading may feel different or excluded from activities that involve storytelling, reading games, or academic competitions. These challenges can interfere with peer relationships and classroom engagement.
In South Africa, learners with undiagnosed dyslexia in multilingual environments face additional barriers. They may be incorrectly assessed as having language or behavioural problems, and if support is not provided in their home language, the gap in understanding can widen. Without inclusive education practices, these learners risk dropping out or being misplaced in inappropriate learning streams.
Another long-term complication is reduced educational attainment. Many learners with dyslexia underperform in standardised assessments and may be channelled away from further study or skills development. This has ripple effects on employment, income, and independence in adulthood.
Complications of Dyslexia
Yet, with proper intervention and support, these complications are not inevitable. Strong literacy foundations, emotional support, and inclusive teaching environments can transform outcomes. Many people with dyslexia go on to lead successful, fulfilling lives—especially when their unique strengths are recognised and their challenges are met with the right tools.
Raising awareness about the complications of dyslexia highlights the urgent need for early diagnosis, informed teaching, and system-wide inclusion. It reminds us that with understanding and support, learners with dyslexia can flourish.
