Complications of Fibroids
The complications of fibroids vary depending on size, number, and location. While many fibroids remain harmless, others can significantly affect reproductive health, daily life, and emotional health. Furthermore, left without treatment, problematic fibroids may lead to long-term issues.
Anaemia and Fatigue
Heavy or extended periods can lead to iron-deficiency anaemia
Symptoms include tiredness, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath
Severe anaemia may require iron supplements or blood transfusions
Anaemia is one of the most common fibroid-related complications.
Fertility and Pregnancy Issues
Fibroids may interfere with implantation of a fertilised egg
They can distort the uterine cavity or block the fallopian tubes
Increased risk of miscarriage, preterm labour, or breech presentation
Some women may require a caesarean delivery due to fibroid obstruction
Not all fibroids cause infertility, but they are a consideration during fertility evaluations.
Pelvic Pain and Pressure
Large fibroids can press on nearby organs, causing:
Urinary frequency or urgency
Constipation
Lower back or leg pain
Pain during intercourse
These symptoms may worsen with menstrual cycles or hormone fluctuations.
Degeneration and Infection
As fibroids outgrow their blood supply, they may begin to degenerate, causing:
Sudden, severe pain
Fever and inflammation
Nausea or vomiting
Rarely, therefore, fibroids can become infected, particularly after childbirth or surgery.
Fibroid Torsion
In pedunculated fibroids (attached by a stalk), the fibroid may twist. Thereby, cutting off its blood supply
This causes acute pain and requires emergency surgery
Emotional and Social Impact
Ongoing symptoms can affect quality of life, causing stress or anxiety
Women may avoid work, travel. Additionally, intimacy due to pain or bleeding
Concerns about fertility or appearance may contribute to depression or low self-esteem
Support and counselling may be helpful in managing the emotional aspects of fibroids.
Rare Complications of Fibroids
In extremely rare cases, fibroids may transform into cancerous tumours (leiomyosarcoma)
The risk is extremely low and does not justify removal in asymptomatic cases
The complications of fibroids are often manageable with the right medical care. Furthermore, early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and personalised treatment plans help reduce risk and improve wellbeing.
