Diagnosis and Evaluation of Brain Tumours
The diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumours involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging, and sometimes surgical procedures. Because symptoms vary, the process of confirming a brain tumour can be complex. Early diagnosis greatly improves the chances of effective treatment.
1. Medical history and symptom analysis
Doctors start by asking detailed questions about symptoms: frequency, duration, and progression. Neurological exams assess reflexes, coordination, strength, and mental function.
2. Imaging tests
- CT Scan: Quick and effective at detecting masses or bleeding.
- MRI Scan: Offers a clearer, more detailed image of brain tissue and tumour characteristics. Contrast dye may be used to highlight abnormal areas.
3. Biopsy
If a tumour is detected, a biopsy may be performed to determine its type. This involves removing a small sample of tissue either through surgery or with a needle under imaging guidance.
4. Lumbar puncture
In some cases, spinal fluid is analysed to detect tumour cells, especially for cancers involving the meninges.
5. Blood tests and genetic analysis
These may help rule out infections or identify markers for certain types of brain tumours, particularly in children.
In South Africa, public hospitals offer basic imaging, while advanced MRI and biopsy services may be limited to larger centres. However, public-private partnerships are improving access in underserved areas.
The diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumours must be accurate, as treatment plans depend on the exact type, grade, and location of the tumour. Specialists involved include neurologists, oncologists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists.
With modern tools, the diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumours can now happen earlier than ever, allowing for targeted treatment and better outcomes.
👉 [Next: Treatment Options for Brain Tumours]
