Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis is a rare but life-threatening condition in which the epiglottis—the flap of tissue that covers the windpipe during swallowing—becomes inflamed and swollen. This condition can block airflow to the lungs, making it a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. It can affect both children and adults, although it is more commonly seen in children under five.
The epiglottis normally acts as a protective lid, preventing food and liquid from entering the windpipe. When inflamed, this flap can swell so severely that it restricts or completely blocks breathing. Without urgent treatment, suffocation can occur within hours of symptom onset.
In children, the condition typically progresses very quickly. Adults may experience a slower onset of symptoms, but still require prompt medical care. Since the introduction of the Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccine, cases of childhood epiglottitis have dropped significantly in countries with high immunisation rates. However, this still occurs, particularly in adults and in regions with low vaccine coverage.
Epiglottitis
In South Africa, disparities in healthcare access and incomplete vaccination schedules may increase the risk of epiglottitis in vulnerable communities. Raising awareness and ensuring up-to-date immunisations remain vital.
Understanding epiglottitis is essential for rapid recognition and immediate treatment, which can save lives.
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