Head Nits
Head nits are the eggs of head lice, laid by adult female lice close to the scalp. These small, oval-shaped structures are often mistaken for dandruff or residue from hair products but are firmly attached to individual hair shafts, making them difficult to dislodge. Head nits are an essential part of the lice life cycle, and their presence is a strong indicator of active or recent infestation.
Each nit is about 0.8 mm in length and yellowish-white in colour. They are most often found around the nape of the neck and behind the ears—areas where lice prefer to lay eggs due to warmth and humidity. Nits are glued to the hair shaft using a cement-like substance secreted by the adult louse. Making them difficult to remove by brushing alone.
The nit shell houses a developing louse, or nymph, and takes 7 to 10 days to hatch under optimal conditions. Once hatched, the empty casing remains attached to the hair but moves further from the scalp as the hair grows. Nits found more than 1 cm from the scalp are typically non-viable and may simply be remnants of an earlier infestation.
Head Nits
Unlike adult lice, nits do not move, bite, or cause direct symptoms. However, they are a key diagnostic feature used to confirm infestation and guide treatment. Their presence often triggers action even in the absence of live lice. Particularly in school settings or among families trying to prevent reinfestation.
Because nits can survive chemical treatments, mechanical removal is a critical step in managing lice infestations. A fine-toothed nit comb is the best tool for this task, particularly when used on wet, conditioned hair. Consistent combing every 2 to 3 days for at least two weeks following treatment helps eliminate both viable nits and newly hatched lice.
The appearance and number of nits help determine the stage and severity of infestation. A large number of fresh nits close to the scalp suggests an ongoing, active infestation. While only a few distant or empty nits may indicate that treatment was successful but not all remnants were removed.
Head Nits
The social and emotional impact of finding nits, particularly in children, can be substantial. Embarrassment, isolation, and parental stress are common reactions. Clear education and reassurance about their non-dangerous nature and the effectiveness of treatment strategies are essential in reducing anxiety.
