Symptoms of Depression

Symptoms of Depression

Symptoms of depression affect every aspect of life, from emotional wellbeing to physical health and cognitive function. The key feature of depression is a persistent low mood or lack of interest in normal activities, lasting for at least two weeks. However, many individuals experience a combination of psychological, emotional, and somatic symptoms that can vary in severity and duration.

Emotional Symptoms

Persistent sadness, emptiness, or despair

Hopelessness and feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed (anhedonia)

Irritability or unexplained anger, particularly in teenagers or men

Crying spells without an obvious trigger

Cognitive Symptoms of Depression

Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things

Slowed thinking or speaking

A distorted sense of reality or negative self-perception

Suicidal thoughts or preoccupation with death

Physical Symptoms

Fatigue or loss of energy, even after rest

Changes in appetite (eating more or less)

Weight gain or loss without trying

Sleep disturbances, including insomnia or oversleeping

Aches, pains, or digestive issues that have no physical cause

Behavioural Symptoms of Depression

Withdrawal from social interactions or responsibilities

Neglect of personal hygiene or work duties

Substance abuse as a way to cope

Reduced productivity or performance in school or work

Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Refusal to go to school or poor academic performance

Clinginess, hypersensitivity, or aggression

Physical complaints like stomach aches or headaches without medical cause

Symptoms in Older Adults

Memory problems or confusion mistaken for dementia

Social withdrawal or reluctance to seek help

A sense of being a burden to others

In summary, symptoms of depression are wide-ranging and deeply affect mental, emotional, and physical health. Recognising these signs early increases the chances of effective treatment and helps prevent escalation to more severe forms of the illness.

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