Treatment for Altitude Sickness
Treatment for altitude sickness depends on the severity of symptoms. Mild cases can often be managed with rest and hydration, while severe cases may require emergency descent and oxygen therapy.
Mild to Moderate AMS
The first step is to:
- Stop ascending immediately
- Rest at your current altitude
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid alcohol and strenuous activity
If symptoms improve after 24–48 hours, you may be able to continue ascending — but only slowly and cautiously.
Medications may help:
- Acetazolamide (Diamox) speeds up acclimatisation by stimulating breathing
- Ibuprofen or paracetamol can reduce headache
- Antiemetics (like promethazine) help with nausea
Severe AMS, HACE, or HAPE
For life-threatening forms of altitude sickness:
- Immediate descent (500–1,000 metres or more) is critical
- Supplemental oxygen should be administered if available
- Rescuers may use portable hyperbaric chambers (Gamow bags) if descent is not possible.
Additional medications include:
- Dexamethasone for cerebral oedema
- Nifedipine or sildenafil for pulmonary oedema
People should use these only under medical supervision or with trained guides in remote settings.
In South Africa, altitude sickness may not be common locally, but South African travellers frequently experience it abroad. Pre-travel consultations with travel clinics can help with prevention planning and medication.
👉 [Next: Complications of Altitude Sickness]
