Treatment of Brucellosis
Treatment of brucellosis focuses on eliminating the bacteria, relieving symptoms, and preventing recurrence. Because Brucella bacteria are hardy and slow-growing, effective treatment of brucellosis requires a combination of antibiotics taken for several weeks.
The standard therapy includes doxycycline (an oral antibiotic) taken for at least six weeks, usually combined with an initial course of streptomycin injections or rifampicin taken orally for the first few weeks. This dual approach helps prevent relapses, which are common with shorter or incomplete treatment courses.
In cases where streptomycin is not suitable, rifampicin may be used as the second drug alongside doxycycline for six weeks. This regimen is preferred in areas with limited access to injectable medications or in outpatient settings.
For children, pregnant women, or those with specific contraindications, alternative antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be considered, always under specialist supervision.
Severe or complicated cases — involving the nervous system, heart, bones, or genitals — require longer treatment, often up to 12 weeks or more. In these cases, intravenous antibiotics may be administered, followed by extended oral therapy.
Painkillers and anti-inflammatory medication can help manage fever, joint pain, and fatigue during treatment. Bed rest is recommended during the acute phase, especially in patients with high fever or complications.
Hospitalisation may be needed for those with severe disease, serious complications, or individuals unable to take oral antibiotics reliably.
Treatment of Brucellosis
Patients should complete the full course of medication even if symptoms improve early. Incomplete treatment increases the risk of relapse, which is a common challenge in managing brucellosis.
Follow-up is important. Doctors will monitor symptom resolution, repeat blood tests, and assess for any lingering complications over several months.
Proper treatment of brucellosis ensures most people recover fully, although fatigue and joint pain may persist for a while. Early diagnosis and adherence to antibiotic regimens are key to successful outcomes.
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