Treatment of Diabetes
Treatment of diabetes aims to control blood sugar levels, prevent issues, and promote overall health. Depending on the type and severity of the condition, diabetes treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medication, insulin therapy, or a combination of all three. A multidisciplinary approach—including GPs, endocrinologists, dietitians, and diabetes educators—is often required.
Lifestyle Modifications
Diet
Emphasis on low-glycaemic index foods: whole grains, legumes, vegetables
Limit sugary drinks, refined carbs, and processed snacks
Carbohydrate counting helps manage meal-time glucose spikes
Exercise
Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood sugar
Aim for at least 150 minutes per week of moderate aerobic activity
Weight Management
Losing 5–10% of body weight can significantly improve Type 2 diabetes control
Even small reductions in weight have measurable benefits
Smoking Cessation and Alcohol Moderation
Smoking increases cardiovascular risks
Alcohol can disrupt blood sugar balance, especially in insulin users
Medications
Type 1 Diabetes
Requires insulin therapy from the point of diagnosis
Multiple daily injections or insulin pump therapy
Type 2 Diabetes
First-line treatment is metformin
Other oral or injectable medications include sulphonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors, DPP-4 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists
Insulin may be added if blood sugar remains uncontrolled
Gestational Diabetes
Managed through diet and exercise
Insulin prescribed if lifestyle changes do not suffice
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Regular HbA1c tests to assess long-term control
Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) helps track daily variations
Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are increasingly used for real-time feedback
Additional Support as Treatment of Diabetes
Psychological support is vital to address diabetes-related distress and burnout
Diabetes education empowers individuals with self-care skills
In summary, treatment of diabetes involves a personalised blend of lifestyle change and medical intervention. Consistency, education, and support are key to achieving good glycaemic control and avoiding complications.
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