Treatment of Frostbite
The treatment of frostbite aims to rewarm the affected area, relieve pain, prevent infection, and preserve tissue. Frostbite treatment must begin as soon as possible, ideally under medical supervision. Delays can result in permanent tissue loss or severe complications.
Emergency First Aid
If frostbite is suspected:
Move the person to a warm, sheltered environment
Remove wet clothing and replace it with dry, insulated layers
Avoid walking on frostbitten feet or toes, as this may worsen the injury
Do not rub or massage the area, which can cause more damage
Begin gentle rewarming using warm (not hot) water—between 37–39°C—for 15–30 minutes
Avoid rewarming if there’s a risk of refreezing, as this can cause further injury.
Pain Management and Wound Care
Rewarming can be extremely painful—pain relief (e.g., ibuprofen or morphine) may be necessary
Blisters should not be burst, as they protect underlying tissue
Apply sterile, non-stick dressings, and keep affected areas elevated to reduce swelling
Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is a risk of infection
Medical and Surgical Interventions
Severe cases may require hospitalisation for monitoring and intravenous fluids
Surgeons often delay decisions for 1–3 weeks after injury to fully assess the extent of the damage
Surgery may be necessary in advanced frostbite:
Debridement to remove dead tissue
Amputation in cases of irreversible tissue death
Surgeons often delay decisions for 1–3 weeks after injury to fully assess the extent of the damage.
Long-Term Management
Physiotherapy to improve mobility and function
Treatment for chronic pain, cold sensitivity, or nerve damage
Psychological support, especially if frostbite leads to amputation or permanent disability
Treatment of Frostbite
The treatment of frostbite is most effective when started early. Fast intervention can save tissue and prevent lasting harm.
