A non-cancerous tumour of the pituitary gland, known as a pituitary adenoma, causes acromegaly in over 95% of cases. This tumour secretes excess growth hormone, leading to the liver producing increased levels of IGF-1, a hormone that promotes abnormal tissue and bone growth.
Pituitary Adenomas and Growth Hormone Overproduction
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating hormones that affect various bodily functions. A tumour in the pituitary gland can disrupt this balance, leading to excess growth hormone production and, subsequently, acromegaly.
Rare Causes of Acromegaly
In rare instances, tumours in other parts of the body, such as the lungs or pancreas, may cause acromegaly. These tumours can either produce growth hormone directly or release hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to produce more growth hormone.
Genetic Factors and Hereditary Conditions
While the exact reasons why these tumours develop remain unknown, researchers believe that genetic mutations may play a role. A hereditary condition called familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) also increases the risk of developing pituitary tumours.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Access to Care
In South Africa, the burden of non-communicable diseases, combined with limited access to advanced endocrine testing in public healthcare, makes detecting acromegaly particularly challenging. However, private hospitals and some academic centres offer the necessary diagnostics.
The Importance of Early Detection and Screening
Current lifestyle or environmental factors do not cause acromegaly, but early identification of symptoms and proactive screening in at-risk individuals ensure timely intervention.
When to Seek Specialist Care
Recognising the hormonal origin of acromegaly is essential to ensuring correct and timely treatment. If pituitary dysfunction is suspected, referral to an endocrinologist for further investigation is critical.
👉 Next: How Is Acromegaly Diagnosed?
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
Acromegaly: A Rare But Manageable Condition
Cape Town Pituitary Collaborative
