Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is more than just a buzzword or a behavioural label—it’s a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person thinks, learns, behaves, and connects with the world. In children and young adults, ADHD can impact school performance, friendships, emotional well-being, and self-esteem. And in South Africa, where access to mental health care is often limited, understanding ADHD and knowing where to get help is vital.
This article offers a comprehensive overview of ADHD in young people, with practical tips, local resources, and support options for families and educators.
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a condition that affects attention, impulsivity, and self-regulation. While it’s most commonly diagnosed in childhood, symptoms can persist into adolescence and adulthood.
The three types of ADHD:
- Inattentive type: Difficulty paying attention, following instructions, and staying organised.
- Hyperactive-impulsive type: Constant movement, fidgeting, impulsive decisions, and interrupting others.
- Combined type: A mix of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.
ADHD is not caused by bad parenting, sugar, or laziness. It’s a medical condition linked to how the brain functions—particularly areas related to attention and executive functioning.
Common signs and symptoms
Recognising ADHD can be tricky because the symptoms may look like typical childhood behaviour, especially in energetic or distracted kids. However, when these behaviours are persistent, intense, and affect daily life, it may be time to investigate further.
In Children:
- Struggles to sit still, especially in calm or quiet environments
- Difficulty following through on instructions
- Talks excessively or interrupts others
- Forgets homework, loses items often
- Seems “off in their own world” or daydreams frequently
In Teens and Young Adults:
- Poor time management
- Difficulty with goal setting or long-term planning
- Emotional outbursts or mood swings
- Disorganised and easily overwhelmed
- Low self-esteem due to academic or social challenges
Each person with ADHD experiences it differently—some are outwardly hyperactive, while others may seem quietly distracted and disconnected.
Why early diagnosis is important
Getting a proper diagnosis early on is crucial. It can help children and young adults receive the support they need at school, develop coping strategies, and understand that they’re not “naughty” or “stupid”—they just process the world differently.
Diagnosis in South Africa
A full evaluation usually includes:
- Behavioural assessments by a psychologist or psychiatrist
- Interviews with parents and teachers
- Standardised checklists and cognitive assessments
Public health services are available but can involve long waiting periods. Many parents choose private assessments, which can be expensive—but some centres offer reduced rates or payment plans (more on that below).
Treatment and management options
ADHD doesn’t have a “cure,” but with the right support, children and young adults can manage their symptoms and thrive.
Medication:
- Stimulants like Ritalin or Concerta are commonly prescribed.
- Non-stimulant medications are also available.
- Medication must be monitored by a healthcare provider and tailored to the child’s needs.
Therapy and coaching:
- Occupational Therapy can help with sensory regulation and focus.
- Speech Therapy may assist with communication skills.
- Play Therapy or CBT (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy) can improve emotional regulation.
- ADHD coaching (more popular with teens and adults) helps develop practical strategies for time management, studying, and organisation.
Lifestyle and structure:
- A consistent routine is essential.
- Visual timetables and checklists support independence.
- Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help manage energy levels.
- Technology like timers, calendars, or task apps can support executive functioning.
School support:
- Many South African schools now offer concessions like extra time, scribes, or quiet rooms during exams.
- An Individual Support Plan (ISP) can be drawn up in collaboration with teachers, therapists, and parents.
- Homeschooling is a growing option for learners who struggle in mainstream settings.
Supporting a child or teen with ADHD
As a caregiver or teacher, your support plays a huge role. Here are some ways to help:
- Use positive reinforcement: Celebrate small victories and progress.
- Break tasks into smaller steps: Large assignments can be overwhelming.
- Limit distractions: Create calm, organised workspaces.
- Practice patience: Progress may be uneven—celebrate effort as much as results.
- Keep communication open: Many kids with ADHD feel misunderstood. Let them talk about how they’re feeling.
ADHD and emotional health
ADHD is often accompanied by emotional difficulties like anxiety, frustration, and low self-worth—especially if the child is labelled as “difficult.” Teenagers with ADHD may also be more prone to depression or risk-taking behaviour if they don’t feel understood or supported.
That’s why emotional support—whether through therapy, mentoring, or peer groups—is just as important as academic and behavioural interventions.
Final thoughts
Raising a child or supporting a young adult with ADHD takes patience, creativity, and community. It’s not easy—but you’re not alone. In South Africa, support systems are growing, and awareness is increasing. With the right tools and mindset, children with ADHD can grow into confident, capable adults who contribute meaningfully to the world.
Their brains may work differently, but different doesn’t mean less.
👉 Your next read: Why The Explosive Child by Dr. Ross Greene Still Matters Today
Reviewed April 2025. Always consult a professional for individual guidance.
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