Causes and Risk Factors of AMD
Age-related macular degeneration is caused by deterioration of the macula, but why this happens is not fully understood. What’s clear is that age, genetics, and lifestyle choices play a major role.
Main Risk Factors
- Age: Most cases develop after age 50, especially after 65.
- Genetics: A family history of AMD increases your risk.
- Smoking: Smokers are up to four times more likely to develop AMD.
- High blood pressure and heart disease
- Obesity and poor diet
- UV light exposure
- Race: People of European descent are more prone, but cases in South Africa’s diverse populations are increasing.
Local Context
In South Africa, AMD may be underdiagnosed in the public sector due to limited retinal screening equipment. People often assume gradual vision loss is a “normal part of ageing” and don’t seek help until the disease has advanced.
Causes and Risk Factors of AMD
Preventive Measures
- Stop smoking
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses
- Eat leafy greens and foods rich in lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3s
- Get regular eye checkups, especially after age 50
🔹 Next → [Symptoms and Stages of AMD]
Age-Related Macular Degeneration