Treatment for Angioedema
Treatment for angioedema depends on its severity and cause. Some cases resolve without treatment, while others — especially those affecting the airway — need immediate emergency care.
Emergency Management for the Treatment for Angioedema
If swelling involves the tongue, throat, or breathing passages, call emergency services immediately.
First-line emergency treatments:
- Adrenaline (epinephrine) injection for allergic reactions
- Oxygen therapy and airway support if needed
- Antihistamines (e.g. diphenhydramine or cetirizine)
- Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
For Allergic Angioedema
- Identify and avoid the trigger
- Take prescribed antihistamines and, if needed, oral steroids
- Carry an adrenaline auto-injector if you’ve had previous severe reactions
For ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema
- Stop the offending medication immediately
- Switch to another blood pressure drug (like ARBs)
- Antihistamines usually do not help
For Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)
- Acute attacks are treated with:
- C1-inhibitor concentrate (IV or subcutaneous)
- Bradykinin receptor antagonists (e.g. icatibant)
- Long-term prevention may include:
- Androgens (e.g. danazol) in some cases
- Regular C1-inhibitor infusions
For Recurrent or Idiopathic Angioedema
- Daily antihistamines may be prescribed at higher doses
- Trigger tracking and lifestyle adjustments
- Referral to an allergist for further evaluation
In South Africa, access to emergency care and medication varies. Education on symptoms and early treatment is key to preventing complications.
👉 [Next: Complications of Angioedema]
Treatment for Allergic Rhinitis