Mental Matters

Health Conditions

Find information on various health conditions affecting people of all ages. This category covers causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management options for physical illnesses and chronic diseases. Get insights to help you understand different health challenges and make informed decisions about your wellbeing.

Diagnosis of Aphasia

Diagnosis of Aphasia

Aphasia, Health Conditions /

Diagnosis of Aphasia The diagnosis of aphasia involves evaluating a person’s language abilities, cognitive function, and brain imaging results. Early diagnosis allows for better planning of rehabilitation and support services. Step 1: Medical Evaluation A neurologist or general practitioner will: Step 2: Language and Cognitive Testing A speech-language therapist (SLT) plays a central role in diagnosis and recovery. The SLT will test: These assessments help classify the type and severity of aphasia. Step 3: Brain Imaging Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia Other conditions can mimic or accompany aphasia: In South Africa, speech therapy services are available through both private practices and public hospitals, though access in rural areas may be limited. Once a diagnosis is made, the next step is rehabilitation and treatment. 👉 [Next: Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia] Diagnosis and Evaluation of Broken Ankle Causes and Types of Aphasia Aphasia Complications of Aphasia

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Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia

Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia

Aphasia, Health Conditions /

Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia There is no single cure for aphasia, but speech and language therapy can help many people recover or improve their communication skills. The key to treatment and recovery in aphasia is early, consistent, and personalised therapy. 1. Speech-Language Therapy A speech-language therapist (SLT) creates a therapy plan based on the person’s needs: Therapy may be one-on-one, in groups, or delivered online. 2. Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) For severe aphasia: 3. Group Therapy and Support Groups 4. Medication and Brain Stimulation (experimental) Recovery Outlook Family Involvement Access to SLTs in South Africa can be through: Let’s now explore the complications and long-term challenges associated with aphasia. 👉 [Next: Complications of Aphasia] Lauren Ross Speech Therapist Randburg Causes and Types of Aphasia Diagnosis of Aphasia Aphasia

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Complications of Aphasia

Complications of Aphasia

Aphasia, Health Conditions /

Complications of Aphasia Aphasia affects more than just speech — it can impact every area of life, from relationships to employment. The condition also increases the risk of emotional and social complications, especially if left untreated. Learn more about the complications of aphasia below. 5 Complications of Aphasia 1. Communication Barriers 2. Emotional Effects 3. Relationship Strain 4. Employment and Financial Impact 5. Cognitive and Physical Impairments 6. Safety Concerns Long-Term Support With consistent support, many people with aphasia regain enough communication to reconnect with loved ones, regain some independence, and rebuild confidence. 👉 End of Series | Back to Overview Living with Brain Tumours Causes and Types of Aphasia Diagnosis of Aphasia Treatment and Recovery in Aphasia

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Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children, Health Conditions /

Anxiety Disorders in Children – Overview Anxiety disorders in children are among the most common mental health conditions affecting young people. While it’s normal for children to feel anxious at times — such as before a test or starting a new school — an anxiety disorder causes excessive fear, worry, or avoidance that interferes with daily life. These disorders often start in early childhood or adolescence and may go unnoticed if mistaken for shyness, clinginess, or discipline issues. Left untreated, they can lead to problems with school performance, social relationships, and emotional development. Common signs of anxiety in children include: There are several types of anxiety disorders that affect children, including: With early intervention, most children can recover and thrive. Treatment is safe and effective, and typically includes therapy, family involvement, and, in some cases, medication. 👉 [Next: Causes and Risk Factors of Childhood Anxiety Disorders] Arthritis What Is the Difference Between Anxiety and Depression? Cataracts in Children Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children One 2 one you matter Mental health service Birmingham

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Causes and Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Causes and Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children, Health Conditions /

Causes and Risk Factors of Anxiety Disorders in Children Anxiety disorders in children develop from a combination of genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Understanding the causes and risk factors of anxiety disorders in children helps tailor the right support and treatment. 1. Genetics and Family History 2. Personality Traits 3. Brain Chemistry and Development 4. Life Stress and Trauma 5. Parenting Style and Environment 6. School and Social Pressures In South Africa, additional risk factors include community violence, unstable home environments, and limited access to child mental health care — especially in under-resourced areas. Let’s now explore how anxiety disorders in children are diagnosed. 👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Children] Causes and Risk Factors of Vision Loss Which Attachment Style Are You? Causes and Risk Factors of Adult ADHD Causes and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Women Causes and Risk Factors of Bipolar Disorder

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Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children, Health Conditions /

Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in Children The diagnosis of anxiety disorders in children requires careful observation, clinical interviews, and sometimes questionnaires. Because children may struggle to express their emotions clearly, input from parents, teachers, and healthcare professionals is essential. Step 1: Clinical Interview A trained mental health provider (e.g. a psychologist or child psychiatrist) will: Step 2: Behavioural Observations Professionals look for: Step 3: Screening Tools and Questionnaires Standardised tools may include: Step 4: Rule Out Medical Conditions Doctors may perform basic tests to exclude physical causes of symptoms (like anaemia or thyroid issues) before diagnosing anxiety. Differential Diagnosis Anxiety must be differentiated from: Early diagnosis is critical to reduce the impact on education, relationships, and long-term mental health. In South Africa, access to school psychologists and community mental health resources is improving, but remains uneven across provinces. Next, let’s explore the available treatments. 👉 [Next: Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children] Diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder Wilma Beukes Clinical Psychology Practice Kuils River Karen Evans Counselor Cardiff Diagnosis and Screening of Adult ADHD

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Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children

Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children, Health Conditions /

Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children Treatment for childhood anxiety is most effective when it’s early, consistent, and family-centred. The aim is to reduce symptoms, build coping skills, and prevent long-term mental health issues. Read more about the treatment for anxiety disorders in children below. 1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) 2. Parent Training and Family Therapy 3. School-Based Support 4. Medication (if needed) 5. Lifestyle Support Access to mental health care in South Africa is increasing through school-based counselling, primary health clinics, and private therapists. NGOs and online platforms are also expanding reach in underserved communities. Let’s now explore complications and long-term risks if childhood anxiety goes untreated. 👉 [Next: Complications of Anxiety Disorders in Children] Clinical Psychologist Sandton Treatment and Lifestyle Strategies of Adult ADHD What Is the Difference Between Anxiety and Depression? Treatment for Depression Anxiety Disorders in Children

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Complications of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Complications of Anxiety Disorders in Children

Anxiety Disorders in Children, Health Conditions /

Complications of Anxiety Disorders in Children If not addressed, anxiety disorders in children can lead to a range of complications that affect mental, emotional, and physical development — some of which may persist into adulthood. Read more about the complications of anxiety disorders in children below. 1. Academic Difficulties 2. Social Withdrawal 3. Depression and Mood Disorders 4. Substance Use in Adolescence 5. Eating Disorders 6. Physical Health Issues 7. Suicidal Thoughts Early Intervention Matters Public awareness, teacher training, and investment in youth mental health are vital — especially in low-resource areas of South Africa. Empowering parents, educators, and healthcare workers ensures children get the help they need to grow into resilient adults. 👉 End of Series | Back to Overview Complications and Recovery from a Broken Hip Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Children Causes of Cardiovascular Disease Treatment for Anabolic Steroid Misuse

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder, Health Conditions /

Antisocial Personality Disorder Overview Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition characterised by a long-term pattern of disregard for the rights of others, violation of social norms, manipulative or deceitful behaviour, and a lack of remorse or empathy. People with ASPD often engage in behaviour that is unlawful, aggressive, or exploitative, and they frequently have trouble maintaining stable relationships or employment. ASPD is part of the Cluster B personality disorders, which also include narcissistic, borderline, and histrionic personality disorders. It is more commonly diagnosed in men and typically becomes evident in the teenage years or early adulthood, although signs often begin in childhood as conduct disorder. Core features of ASPD: While not all individuals with ASPD become criminals, many end up involved with the criminal justice system. However, others may function in society, masking traits behind charm or manipulation. Early diagnosis and intervention are challenging but essential. Therapy, when sought voluntarily, can improve functioning and reduce harmful behaviours. 👉 [Next: Causes and Risk Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder] Mental Health In South Africa: A Cause for Concern and A Call to Action Diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder Complications of Antisocial Personality Disorder Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder

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Causes and Risk Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Causes and Risk Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder, Health Conditions /

Causes and Risk Factors of Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder does not have a single cause. Rather, it results from a complex interplay of biological, environmental, and psychological factors, often rooted in early life experiences Read more about causes and risk factors of antisocial personality disorder below. 1. Genetic Factors 2. Neurological Factors 3. Childhood Environment 4. Conduct Disorder in Childhood 5. Sociocultural Factors In South Africa and other regions with high levels of social inequality and trauma, early childhood adversity may increase the risk of developing ASPD. However, not everyone exposed to such environments develops the disorder. Understanding these risk factors highlights the importance of early intervention and family-based support. 👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder] Treatment of Childhood Cataracts Antisocial Personality Disorder Complications of Antisocial Personality Disorder Treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder

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