Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
Early Causes of Allergic Rhinitis occur when the immune system identifies a harmless substance — such as pollen or dust — as a threat and reacts by releasing histamines and other chemicals. These cause inflammation in the nasal passages and the classic hay fever symptoms.
Common Allergens
- Pollen – From grasses, trees, and weeds. Common in South Africa during spring and early summer.
- Dust mites – Microscopic organisms living in bedding, upholstery, and carpets.
- Mould spores – Found in damp environments like bathrooms or basements.
- Animal dander – Proteins found in the skin flakes, saliva, and urine of cats, dogs, or other animals.
- Cockroach droppings – An often overlooked indoor allergen, particularly in urban or low-income settings.
Risk Factors
Certain individuals are more likely to develop allergic rhinitis:
- Those with a family history of allergies or asthma
- People with eczema
- Living in polluted areas or high pollen zones
- Early exposure to allergens in childhood
In South Africa, wind-pollinated grasses and indigenous trees like Acacia and Oak are major contributors to seasonal flare-ups, while homes with poor ventilation or high humidity foster dust mites and mould growth.
Additionally, air pollution and tobacco smoke can irritate the nasal lining and worsen symptoms — even if not allergens themselves.
Understanding your specific triggers is essential for effective treatment. Let’s explore how allergic rhinitis is diagnosed and how allergy testing can identify what’s causing your symptoms.
👉 [Next: Diagnosis of Allergic Rhinitis]
Dr Sharon Williams Ear Nose & Throat Specialist Foreshore
Treatment for Allergic Rhinitis
