Complications of Allergic Rhinitis
While allergic rhinitis is not life-threatening, it can cause chronic discomfort and health complications if left untreated. Over time, inflammation in the nasal passages can spread or lead to secondary issues.
Common Complications
- Sinusitis
Blocked sinuses can trap mucus, leading to bacterial infections. Chronic sinusitis may require antibiotics or even surgery. - Middle Ear Infections
Particularly in children, fluid buildup behind the eardrum can lead to infections and hearing problems. - Sleep Disturbances
Blocked nasal passages can disrupt sleep, causing fatigue, irritability, and even sleep apnoea in severe cases. - Worsening Asthma
Allergic rhinitis often coexists with asthma. Uncontrolled hay fever can trigger asthma attacks or make symptoms worse. - Reduced Quality of Life
Persistent sneezing, itching, and congestion can interfere with work, school, and social activities. Many people experience difficulty concentrating or reduced productivity. - Nasal Polyps
Chronic inflammation may lead to the development of benign growths in the nasal passages, which can obstruct airflow and require surgical removal.
Emotional and Psychological Impact
Living with persistent symptoms can lead to:
- Frustration or embarrassment in social settings
- Increased absenteeism at school or work
- Anxiety about symptom flare-ups
Prevention and Management
The best way to prevent complications is early and consistent treatment. If symptoms are seasonal, start treatment 2–3 weeks before the expected onset. If they’re year-round, regular check-ins with a GP or allergist are advised.
In South Africa, pharmacies and clinics are often the first point of contact. Education campaigns and affordable access to antihistamines are helping reduce the long-term burden of allergic rhinitis — but awareness remains key.
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Dr Sharon Williams Ear Nose & Throat Specialist Foreshore
